There is a huge challenge to south Asian protected areas to demonstrate their contribution to biodiversity conservation whilst enhancing the livelihoods of resident communities. The book has 23 papers and most are country-specific (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka), targeting a diverse set of issues to demonstrate that “sustainable use” of biological resources is necessity not a “strategy.” Thus, the book carries a few success stories along with conservation issues connected with science, education, ecotourism, political and financial constraints to suggest that conservation and development are not two poles but twin goals for south Asia.